The way to obtain brushes on Procreate unlocks a universe of inventive prospects. Think about remodeling your digital paintings with gorgeous textures, vibrant colours, and distinctive strokes, all from an enormous library of ready-made brushes. This information demystifies the method, offering a step-by-step journey to find and grasp the artwork of including these invaluable belongings to your Procreate toolkit.
From discovering the right brush to your desired inventive model to putting in and customizing it inside Procreate, this information equips you with the data and confidence to embark in your artistic journey. We’ll discover numerous on-line sources, delve into important file codecs, and canopy troubleshooting frequent points, making certain a easy and profitable brush downloading expertise.
Introduction to Procreate Brushes: How To Obtain Brushes On Procreate
Procreate, a digital portray and illustration app, empowers artists with a flexible brush system. This technique permits for a variety of inventive expressions, from life like portraits to vibrant summary items. Its core energy lies in its intuitive management over brushstrokes, enabling artists to attain unparalleled element and precision. This exploration delves into the world of Procreate brushes, highlighting their various sorts and the transformative energy they provide to your artistic journey.The Procreate brush engine is a strong device, permitting for personalisation of just about each side of a brushstroke.
This flexibility is essential to adapting the device to your distinctive inventive model and particular wants. From delicate variations in texture to dynamic stress sensitivity, Procreate gives a wealthy palette for inventive exploration.
Totally different Sorts of Procreate Brushes
Procreate boasts a various library of brushes, meticulously crafted to cater to varied inventive wants. These brushes aren’t simply instruments; they’re extensions of your inventive imaginative and prescient, permitting you to precise your self with better precision and creativity. They’re categorized for ease of use and understanding, encompassing a large spectrum of types and methods.
Brush Classes and Their Makes use of
Understanding the totally different brush classes is essential to choosing the appropriate device for the duty. This part offers a complete overview, permitting you to match your inventive intent with the best brush kind.
| Brush Class | Description | Typical Use Circumstances |
|---|---|---|
| Graphic | These brushes are characterised by their clear, exact strains and shapes. | Creating logos, illustrations, and different graphic design initiatives. |
| Inventive | These brushes are designed to emulate conventional portray methods, with variations in texture, opacity, and circulate. | Portraits, landscapes, and different items that profit from a extra natural really feel. |
| Calligraphic | These brushes provide easy, flowing strains excellent for lettering and stylized textual content. | Creating hand-lettered artwork, titles, or including a singular contact to illustrations. |
| Watercolor | These brushes mimic the fluidity and mixing of watercolor paints. | Creating textured washes, backgrounds, and including depth to work. |
| Airbrush | These brushes enable for easy and even utility of colour, excellent for mixing and creating easy transitions. | Creating easy colour transitions, eradicating imperfections, or creating tender results. |
Significance of Downloading Brushes
Procreate’s preliminary brush set is a incredible place to begin, however downloading further brushes can considerably improve your paintings. These additional brushes introduce new textures, shapes, and methods, increasing your artistic prospects. They assist you to tailor the instruments to your particular model and subject material, finally pushing your artwork to the following degree.
Discovering and Deciding on Brushes
Unlocking the artistic potential of Procreate hinges on discovering the right brushes. This journey is not nearly downloading information; it is about discovering instruments that resonate together with your inventive imaginative and prescient. Discovering the appropriate brushes is like discovering the right ingredient for a dish – it elevates the whole expertise.An enormous library of brushes awaits, tailor-made for every part from delicate floral illustrations to daring graphic designs.
Navigating this digital brush market can appear overwhelming, however armed with the appropriate data, you may be well-equipped to search out your excellent companions for digital artistry.
Discovering Brushes On-line
Discovering the appropriate brushes is a treasure hunt, and the web is your map. Discover a plethora of on-line sources the place artists share their digital creations and sources. These sources are like hidden gems ready to be found.
Respected Web sites and Communities
A wealth of proficient artists and passionate communities share their creations on platforms devoted to digital artwork. Discovering reliable sources ensures high-quality brushes and avoids compatibility points. These platforms are a testomony to the collaborative spirit of the digital artwork world.
- ArtStation: A hub for showcasing and discovering digital artwork, ArtStation usually options artists promoting their brushes or sharing free sources. Artists meticulously craft their works, making them excellent for artists searching for high-quality belongings.
- Artistic Market: This market is a treasure trove of digital belongings, together with Procreate brushes. Artists rigorously design these brushes, making certain they’re prepared to boost your inventive initiatives.
- Gumroad: Much like Artistic Market, Gumroad hosts a big selection of digital belongings from impartial artists. This platform is famend for its community-driven method, permitting artists to attach with their viewers straight.
- DeviantArt: This platform hosts an enormous assortment of digital artwork, and plenty of artists provide their brushes for obtain. These are excellent for locating a spread of inventive types.
Trusted On-line Shops or Platforms
Past devoted artwork platforms, quite a few on-line shops and marketplaces focus on digital belongings, together with Procreate brushes. These platforms are curated to supply various selections for all artists.
- Etsy: A well known platform for handmade and digital items, Etsy could be a shocking supply for Procreate brushes. Artists rigorously package deal their merchandise, making certain they’re prepared to make use of.
- Procreate Brushes: A devoted platform particularly designed for Procreate brushes, providing curated picks and infrequently unique releases. These brushes are particularly crafted for Procreate, making certain compatibility and top quality.
Categorized Brush Suggestions
Organizing brushes by class helps you shortly discover the appropriate instruments to your challenge. This organized method saves time and ensures you will have the appropriate instruments for the job.
| Brush Class | Beneficial Websites |
|---|---|
| Portrait Brushes | ArtStation, Gumroad |
| Floral Brushes | Etsy, Artistic Market |
| Texturing Brushes | Procreate Brushes, DeviantArt |
| Graphic Design Brushes | ArtStation, Artistic Market |
Downloading Brushes
Unleash your inside artist! Downloading brushes is a vital step in increasing your Procreate arsenal, including distinctive textures and types to your digital creations. Whether or not you are a seasoned professional or simply beginning your inventive journey, understanding the method is essential to unlocking a world of artistic prospects.Procreate brushes are like magical components to your digital canvas, permitting you to color, sketch, and draw with unimaginable precision and aptitude.
Every brush possesses its personal distinct traits, providing a singular aesthetic. From tender, flowing strains to daring, textured strokes, the appropriate brush can rework your paintings from peculiar to extraordinary.
Totally different Brush Sources
Brush libraries are sometimes organized by artist or class, making it straightforward to find and discover totally different types. Standard sources embrace web sites, social media teams, and devoted app marketplaces. Every platform gives an enormous assortment, catering to a wide selection of inventive tastes and desires.
File Codecs
Procreate brushes usually are available `.brushset` format. This particular format is designed to carry all the mandatory data for a brush, together with its settings, textures, and parameters. Different codecs could also be encountered in particular conditions.
Compatibility Checks
Earlier than downloading, all the time double-check the comb’s compatibility together with your Procreate model. Mismatched variations can result in points, leading to brushes that do not perform appropriately. This precaution ensures a seamless expertise and prevents irritating errors.
Saving Brushes in Procreate
Saving brushes within the appropriate location is important for simple entry and use. Procreate organizes brushes in a devoted folder, normally within the app’s file administration system. Saving them within the applicable location permits you to shortly find and use them everytime you want them.
Putting in and Managing Brushes
Unleashing the total potential of Procreate’s artistry usually hinges on a wealthy assortment of brushes. Mastering the set up and group of those digital instruments empowers you to discover a universe of artistic prospects. This part delves into the sensible steps for successfully managing your brush library.Efficient brush administration is essential for a easy and gratifying Procreate expertise. A well-organized assortment streamlines your workflow, permitting you to shortly find and apply the right brush for every challenge.
This part offers a complete information to putting in, managing, and navigating your brush assortment inside Procreate.
Putting in Downloaded Brushes
The method for putting in downloaded Procreate brushes is simple. After downloading a brush file (usually within the .brush format), find the file in your machine. Procreate routinely detects and imports new brush information from the situation you choose. Open Procreate and examine the Brush Library. The newly downloaded brushes ought to now be obtainable to be used.
Managing a Giant Brush Assortment
A considerable assortment of Procreate brushes can shortly grow to be overwhelming if not correctly organized. Using a structured system for categorizing your brushes ensures swift entry to the particular instruments you want. Take into account creating folders primarily based on brush kind (e.g., “Watercolors,” “Grunge,” “Line Artwork”) or supposed use (e.g., “Illustrations,” “Backgrounds”). This technique retains your library organized and readily searchable.
Finding Put in Brushes
Procreate’s Brush Library offers a centralized location for all put in brushes. Inside Procreate, navigate to the Brush Library. You may discover a hierarchical itemizing of all of your brushes, categorized by folder if relevant. This group permits for simple shopping and choice. Filtering choices are additionally obtainable for narrowing your search primarily based on brush properties or names.
Including, Deleting, and Shifting Brushes
Managing your brush library successfully entails the flexibility so as to add, delete, and relocate brushes inside Procreate. The next desk Artikels these procedures.
| Motion | Steps |
|---|---|
| Including Brushes | Find the downloaded brush file. Open Procreate. The brand new brush must be accessible within the Brush Library. |
| Deleting Brushes | Choose the comb you need to take away. Select the “Delete” possibility inside the Brush Library menu. Affirm deletion. |
| Shifting Brushes | Choose the comb you want to relocate. Drag and drop the comb to the specified folder inside the Brush Library. |
Utilizing Procreate Brushes Successfully
Unlocking the total potential of your Procreate brushes is not nearly downloading them; it is about understanding how one can wield them like masterful instruments. This journey into efficient brush utilization will information you thru customization, changes, and mixing methods, empowering you to attain gorgeous inventive results.
Customizing Downloaded Brushes
Procreate’s brush library gives a incredible place to begin, however the true magic occurs if you tailor these digital instruments to your particular inventive imaginative and prescient. Downloaded brushes usually include a spread of customizable choices. These settings enable for a outstanding transformation, turning a fundamental brush into a singular and expressive instrument.
- Measurement and Form: Adjusting the scale and form of the comb tip is key. Experiment with totally different sizes for numerous components in your paintings, from delicate particulars to daring strokes. Discover the obtainable form choices, from circles to squares, and much more intricate kinds, to create a visible tapestry that matches your required inventive model.
- Hardness and Opacity: The hardness setting controls the sting definition of the comb stroke. A tough brush produces crisp strains, whereas a tender brush yields a extra blended, subtle impact. The opacity setting dictates how a lot of the underlying layer exhibits by way of the comb stroke. Mastering these settings permits for nuanced management over the general feel and appear of your work.
- Circulate and Density: These settings affect the comb’s responsiveness and the quantity of pigment it deposits on the canvas. Adjusting circulate allows you to management how shortly the colour is utilized. Density controls the thickness and focus of the comb stroke. These changes are essential for reaching different textures and results, from gentle washes to daring, impactful marks.
Adjusting Brush Settings for Desired Results
Studying to grasp brush settings permits you to translate your inventive imaginative and prescient into tangible outcomes. Changes in these settings are important for reaching particular visible outcomes. By altering the settings, you may subtly change the character of your paintings.
- Creating Textures: Discover the usage of totally different brush sorts to create a variety of textures. A textured brush, for instance, would possibly mimic the texture of wooden grain, material, or stone. By adjusting the comb settings (measurement, hardness, circulate), you may fine-tune the feel to attain the specified visible consequence. Experiment with numerous brush sizes to attain various results, starting from delicate particulars to daring, impactful textures.
- Creating Easy Blends: Using mixing modes together with totally different brush sorts permits for seamless mixing. For instance, mixing a tough brush with a tender brush can produce a easy transition between colours, mimicking the way in which gentle interacts with objects in the true world. A textured brush with a tender edge can be utilized to mix and soften the sides of your paintings.
- Reaching Particular Inventive Types: Experiment with various settings to attain particular types. Adjusting hardness, opacity, and circulate permits you to emulate the types of well-known artists or create distinctive private types. For instance, a brush with a low opacity and excessive circulate can be utilized to attain a painterly impact. Experimentation is essential.
Mixing Methods Utilizing Totally different Brush Varieties
Understanding how totally different brush sorts work together with one another is essential for creating quite a lot of inventive results. Mixing methods rely closely on the chosen brush kind and its settings. By rigorously contemplating the interaction between brush settings and the mixing course of, you may craft distinctive and compelling paintings.
- Moist-on-Moist Mixing: A wet-on-wet mixing method, utilizing a soft-edged brush with excessive circulate, mimics the fluidity of moist paint on canvas. Experiment with layering totally different colours and adjusting the comb’s circulate and opacity to attain a dynamic vary of colour transitions.
- Dry-on-Moist Mixing: This system entails layering colours over a moist floor, usually utilizing a more durable brush with low circulate. The colours mix collectively easily as they’re utilized to the moist space.
- Shade Mixing: Using mixing modes alongside totally different brush sorts permits for dynamic colour mixing. This technique gives an easy method to create a spread of shades and hues by layering colours.
Troubleshooting Frequent Points
Unexpected hiccups can generally pop up when working with Procreate brushes. Do not fret! We’ll navigate the potential pitfalls and equip you with options to maintain your artistic circulate uninterrupted. Just a little troubleshooting goes a good distance in making certain a easy artistic journey.Generally, the digital world throws a curveball. A seemingly easy brush obtain would possibly encounter snags.
However with a little bit know-how and the appropriate instruments, you may simply resolve these points and get again to creating masterpieces.
Figuring out Obtain Issues
Brush downloads can generally falter. Frequent points embrace interrupted downloads, corrupted information, or compatibility issues. Understanding these frequent culprits is step one to fixing them.
- Interrupted Downloads: If a obtain pauses or stops unexpectedly, it usually leads to incomplete or corrupted information. This would possibly occur as a result of community instability or non permanent server points. Restarting the obtain or checking the web connection can usually resolve this problem.
- Corrupted Recordsdata: Generally, downloaded information would possibly grow to be corrupted throughout transmission. This might manifest as an incapability to open or use the comb. Downloading the file once more from a dependable supply is commonly the treatment.
- Incompatible Recordsdata: Procreate has particular file codecs for brushes. If the file is not within the appropriate format or is not appropriate together with your Procreate model, you would possibly face set up issues. Checking the file kind and making certain compatibility together with your Procreate model is essential.
Resolving Set up Errors
Navigating set up errors is a standard problem, however understanding the steps to take could be fairly easy.
- Incorrect File Areas: Make sure you’re saving the downloaded brush file to the designated location. This would possibly contain transferring the comb to the proper folder or making certain the file path is accessible to Procreate.
- Corrupted Recordsdata (Re-download): If a obtain is corrupted, redownloading the file from a dependable supply usually resolves the issue. You’ll want to confirm the file kind and compatibility earlier than trying to put in.
- Procreate Model Compatibility: Confirm that the comb is appropriate together with your present Procreate model. Older brushes may not work with newer variations of the app. Generally, compatibility points require updating or downgrading Procreate or the comb itself.
Utilizing Procreate Brushes Successfully
As soon as put in, realizing how one can use your brushes is essential.
- Brush Settings: Procreate gives intensive brush customization choices. Experiment with these to fine-tune your brush’s habits and obtain the specified results. Understanding the varied settings permits you to management the comb’s measurement, opacity, and different parameters.
- Layer Administration: Working with layers is important for creating advanced paintings. Utilizing layers appropriately prevents unintended mixing and permits you to make adjustments with out affecting different components of your work.
- Experimentation: One of the simplest ways to really perceive a brush is to experiment with it. Strive totally different stress ranges, angles, and strokes to uncover the comb’s distinctive capabilities.
Steadily Requested Questions (FAQs)
- Q: My brush will not set up. What can I do?
A: Confirm the file kind, compatibility, and file path. Re-download the comb and make sure the file is saved within the applicable location. - Q: The comb seems totally different in Procreate than on the web site. Why?
A: Brush previews could be adjusted by the creator and may not completely characterize the comb’s habits inside Procreate. - Q: How do I repair a corrupted brush file?
A: Redownload the comb file from a dependable supply.
Examples of Brush Makes use of
Unleashing the total potential of Procreate brushes is about understanding how one can wield them to attain the specified inventive results. Figuring out which brush is greatest fitted to a specific model or impact is essential to creating gorgeous paintings. This part explores various purposes, demonstrating how one can modify brushes and grasp inventive methods.The probabilities are huge, starting from easy, life like depictions to daring, expressive strokes.
Every brush possesses distinctive traits, and mastering their use is an thrilling journey.
Artwork Types and Beneficial Brushes
Understanding the inherent traits of varied artwork types and matching them with the appropriate Procreate brushes is important for reaching the specified aesthetic. Totally different brushes lend themselves to totally different visible results.
- Real looking Portraiture: For capturing delicate pores and skin tones and complicated particulars, a mixture of pressure-sensitive brushes and mixing brushes is good. Experiment with tender spherical brushes for pores and skin textures and advantageous element brushes for hair and facial options. A tender airbrush brush will help mix tones seamlessly, whereas a tough brush can add highlights.
- Summary Expressionism: This model thrives on daring, dynamic brushstrokes. Huge, textured brushes with different line weights are excellent. Experiment with brushes that provide totally different ranges of opacity and circulate to create a way of power and spontaneity. Take into account brushes with built-in texture or grain results.
- Digital Watercolor: Reaching the ethereal high quality of watercolor requires brushes that emulate the attribute circulate and blendability of watercolors. Search for brushes that may create wet-on-wet results. These brushes will enable for seamless mixing and a tender, painterly really feel. Experiment with brush opacity and circulate to regulate the depth and layering of colours.
- Comedian Guide Artwork: A mixture of exhausting, sharp brushes and thick, daring line brushes is the right match for comedian e book artwork. Make the most of brushes that enable for clear strains, thick Artikels, and ranging ranges of opacity. Search for brushes that may create a way of depth and quantity.
- Character Design: For crafting expressive and interesting characters, a various set of brushes is essential. A mixture of exhausting brushes for Artikels, tender brushes for particulars, and textured brushes for distinctive options is important. This can allow you to construct advanced characters with intricate particulars.
Reaching a Particular Inventive Impact, The way to obtain brushes on procreate
Mastering a particular impact requires understanding the comb’s capabilities and how one can manipulate its settings.
- Making a Easy Gradient: To create a easy transition between colours, make the most of a mixing brush. Modify the opacity and circulate to manage the depth and mixing pace. Begin with a lightweight contact and progressively enhance the stress for a extra intense impact.
- Reaching a Textured Floor: So as to add texture, use brushes with built-in textures or patterns. Experiment with totally different brush sizes and pressures to create a spread of textures. Use layering methods to create depth and dimension. Modify the comb settings to attain desired results.
- Making a Detailed Linework: To attain exact linework, use brushes designed for advantageous particulars. Use a tough brush for clear, sharp strains and a tender brush for smoother, blended strains. Modify brush measurement and stress to manage line thickness.
Modifying Brushes for Inventive Functions
Customizing brushes unlocks an enormous vary of artistic prospects.
- Adjusting Opacity and Circulate: These settings are essential for controlling the depth and mixing pace of the brushstrokes. Adjusting opacity allows you to management how a lot of the underlying layer exhibits by way of, whereas circulate controls how shortly the comb releases pigment.
- Customizing Brush Shapes: Form customization permits you to adapt brushes to particular inventive wants. Adjusting brush form and measurement can considerably influence the general aesthetic of your paintings. Create customized brush suggestions that complement your inventive imaginative and prescient.
- Including Textures to Brushes: Experiment with including textures to your brushes to create distinctive results. This can be a highly effective device to create various inventive types. Experiment with totally different textures to see how they influence your paintings.
Brush Descriptions
Unlocking the artistic potential inside Procreate usually hinges on mastering its various brush library. Every brush, a tiny universe of prospects, holds a singular character, ready to be explored. This part delves into ten distinct brushes, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and excellent purposes.
Exploring the Artikelr Brush
This brush excels at exact line work, excellent for creating clear Artikels, intricate particulars, and sharp graphic components. Its constant stroke and predictable habits make it a go-to device for meticulous designers. Think about crafting detailed character sketches, logos, or illustrations—the Artikelr brush is your steadfast companion. A key benefit is its skill to generate crisp strains in numerous thicknesses, catering to various design wants.
Nonetheless, its inflexible nature would possibly restrict expressive strokes.
Understanding the Watercolor Brush
The watercolor brush replicates the fluid great thing about conventional watercolors. Its skill to mix and smudge permits for a painterly impact, excellent for creating tender backgrounds, atmospheric results, and flowing textures. Image a vibrant sundown painted with easy grace or delicate floral designs. Whereas its flexibility gives wealthy inventive potential, the unpredictability of the comb’s habits requires some follow.
Analyzing the Airbrush Brush
This brush mimics the results of an airbrush, providing easy transitions and tender shading. Perfect for creating delicate gradients, highlights, and subtle results, it is excellent for reaching a sophisticated look in illustrations or digital work. An important instance is capturing a easy, tender gentle impact on a personality’s face or including a dreamy glow to the surroundings. A disadvantage is the potential for over-use, resulting in a scarcity of depth if not used strategically.
The Pen Brush: A Detailed Look
The pen brush, a cornerstone of Procreate’s digital artwork arsenal, permits exact management and easy line work. Its easy, flowing nature and responsive habits make it a favourite for detailed illustrations, sketches, and comics. It gives versatility in line thickness and stress sensitivity. Nonetheless, reaching a singular and expressive model with the pen brush would possibly demand constant follow.
Introducing the Ink Brush
The ink brush captures the daring strokes and wealthy texture of conventional ink. Its skill to generate different line weights and ink-like results makes it excellent for stylized illustrations, comedian e book artwork, and graphic design. Think about a daring signature or a strong emblem—the ink brush is your answer. The comb may not be your best option for delicate, intricate work.
Delving into the Pencil Brush
This brush emulates the texture of an actual pencil, capturing the pure variations and imperfections. It’s excellent for sketching, creating preliminary drafts, and including life like textures to digital paintings. The flexibility to attain a variety of values, from gentle to darkish, makes it versatile for numerous initiatives. A possible draw back is the restricted skill to create extremely detailed and complicated paintings in comparison with the pen brush.
Unveiling the Marker Brush
The marker brush captures the colourful hues and daring strains of conventional markers. It is excellent for creating daring illustrations, graphic components, and dynamic compositions. Think about vibrant character designs, vibrant backgrounds, or impactful signage. A possible disadvantage is perhaps the problem in reaching delicate gradients and mixing results.
Presenting the Chalk Brush
This brush emulates the texture of chalk, providing a singular mix of texture and vibrancy. Excellent for creating sketches, illustrations, and backgrounds with a barely tough, textured look, it may add a particular inventive contact. A possible disadvantage is the shortage of advantageous management over element.
Discovering the Spray Brush
This brush replicates the spray impact, enabling the creation of vibrant textures, backgrounds, and particular results. Perfect for creating clouds, fireplace, and different dynamic components, it provides a contact of dynamism to your paintings. It’s nice for including a contact of chaos or a way of motion to your paintings. A possible draw back is the potential for over-use, which may result in a scarcity of focus.
Observing the Pixel Brush
This brush is superb for creating daring pixel artwork. Its exact management and sq. shapes enable for detailed digital mosaics, pixelated illustrations, and retro-style graphics. An important instance is creating easy, recognizable pixel artwork characters. A limitation is its restricted skill to create easy, curved strains.
| Brush Kind | Traits | Capabilities | Use Circumstances | Advantages | Drawbacks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artikelr | Crisp, constant strains | Exact outlining, detailed strains | Logos, illustrations, sketches | Excessive precision, predictable | Restricted expressiveness |
| Watercolor | Fluid, mixing | Gentle backgrounds, painterly results | Watercolor work, atmospheric results | Wealthy inventive potential | Unpredictable habits |
| Airbrush | Easy transitions | Gradients, highlights, shading | Illustrations, digital work | Polished look, delicate results | Overuse can lack depth |
| Pen | Exact, easy strains | Detailed illustrations, sketches | Illustrations, comics | Versatility, responsive | Might require follow for expression |
| Ink | Daring strokes, texture | Stylized illustrations, graphic design | Comedian e book artwork, logos | Robust visible influence | Not excellent for delicate work |
| Pencil | Pure variations | Sketches, life like textures | Preliminary drafts, illustrations | Versatile values | Restricted element |
| Marker | Vibrant, daring strains | Illustrations, graphic components | Illustrations, dynamic compositions | Daring visuals | Mixing issue |
| Chalk | Texture, vibrancy | Sketches, illustrations, backgrounds | Illustrations, backgrounds | Distinctive inventive contact | Restricted advantageous management |
| Spray | Vibrant textures | Backgrounds, particular results | Clouds, fireplace, dynamic components | Provides dynamism | Potential for over-use |
| Pixel | Sq. shapes | Pixel artwork, mosaics | Retro graphics, pixelated illustrations | Exact management | Restricted curved strains |
